# Genotypes analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Jordan using PCR targeting 25SrDNA and ALT repeat sequences of the RPS

## TL;DR

This study analyzed the genetic diversity and antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida albicans strains causing vaginal infections in Jordanian women.

## Contribution

The study identifies distinct genotypes of C. albicans and links them to varying antifungal susceptibility in a Jordanian population.

## Key findings

- C. albicans was the most common cause of vaginal candidiasis among the studied population.
- Three genotypes (A, B, C) were identified at the 25S rDNA gene, while nine subtypes were found using RPS markers.
- Genotype A showed higher susceptibility to fluconazole, flucytosine, and ketoconazole compared to genotypes B and C.

## Abstract

Genotypic identification of the etiologic agents of vaginal candidiasis (VC) is of significance in epidemiologic studies and in the establishment of adequate treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility and gene diversity of C. albicans isolated from a group of Jordanian women with VC.

A total of 312 isolates of candida species, recovered from women with vaginal candidiasis who attended gynecology clinics affiliated to three major private hospitals in Amman over a period of five months (July 2020 to December 2020) were included in this study. The isolated Candida were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic means. Genotypic studies were performed using specific PCR primers of the rDNA and RPS genes. Susceptibility testing of all C. albicans isolates was conducted following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and E-test strips.

Candida albicans was the most dominant Candida spp. that caused VC among the studied population. C. albicans isolates were found to be of three different subtypes at the 25S rDNA gene. All isolates belonged to genotypes A, B and C while genotypes D and E were not detected. The diversity of C. albicans was higher on the basis of RPS region where the use of two markers (P-I and P-II) resulted in the identification of nine distinct C. albicans subtypes. The sensitivity testing revealed variations in the susceptibility of various genotypes to different antifungal drugs. Genotype A isolates were more susceptible to fluconazole, flucytosine and ketoconazole than genotypes B and C.

Candida albicans incriminated as etiologic agents of vaginitis among Jordanian women exhibited relationship between various genotypes and antifungal drugs.