# A Study of the Clinical Profiles of Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome

## TL;DR

This study examines the clinical characteristics, causes, and outcomes of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, a severe condition affecting both the liver and kidneys.

## Contribution

The study provides updated demographic and etiological data on hepatorenal syndrome patients, emphasizing early detection and monitoring for improved care.

## Key findings

- 78% of hepatorenal syndrome cases were caused by alcoholic cirrhosis.
- The majority of patients (76%) were male, and 25% were aged 18-30 years.
- The mortality rate was 12%, with 88% of patients surviving.

## Abstract

Background and objective

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a systemic disorder that affects both the kidneys and the liver. HRS refers to the occurrence of kidney failure in individuals with advanced liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites, without any underlying kidney disease. The interplay of systemic and portal hemodynamics causes severe constriction of blood vessels in the kidneys, which defines HRS. The study aims to illuminate the demographic profiles, etiology, and outcomes of patients with HRS.

Material and methods

The study was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre in Pimpri, Pune. The study period spans from September 2022 to June 2024. Before commencement, approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee, and informed written consent was secured from all participating patients. The sample size consists of 100 patients diagnosed with HRS, selected from the general medicine outpatient department, wards, and ICU of Dr. D.Y. Patil Hospital and Research Centre. A comprehensive clinical history was recorded for all patients, focusing on the symptoms of cirrhosis and HRS, followed by a thorough examination for related signs and symptoms.

Results

Among the 100 patients included in this study on HRS, 25% (N=25) fell within the age range of 18-30 years, and 76% (N=76) were identified as male. Alcoholic cirrhosis accounted for 78% (N=78) of cases, with hepatitis B infection being the subsequent leading cause. The mortality rate was 12% (N=12) while the survival rate was 88% (N=88).

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the demographic profile, etiology, and outcomes of HRS. The results of this study contribute valuable insights into the complex nature of HRS, highlighting the importance of early detection and monitoring to optimize patient care.