FOS mapping reveals two complementary circuits for spatial navigation in mouse

TL;DR

Mice use two brain regions, the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex, to navigate using visual cues in a changing environment.

Contribution

The study identifies two complementary brain circuits for spatial navigation based on distal visual information in mice.

Findings

Mice can learn to navigate using only changing visual context in a figure-8 maze.

Training protocols alter navigation strategies and brain region activation patterns.

c-FOS mapping shows opposing engagement of hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex after different training regimens.

Abstract

Here, we show that during continuous navigation in a dynamic external environment, mice are capable of developing a foraging strategy based exclusively on changing distal (allothetic) information and that this process may involve two alternative components of the spatial memory circuit: the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. To this end, we designed a novel custom apparatus and implemented a behavioral protocol based on the figure-8-maze paradigm with two goal locations associated with distinct contexts. We assessed whether mice are able to learn to retrieve a sequence of rewards guided exclusively by the changing context. We found out that training mice in the apparatus leads to change in strategy from the internal tendency to alternate into navigation based exclusively on visual information. This effect could be achieved using two different training protocols: prolonged alternation training, or a flexible protocol with unpredictable turn succession. Based on the c-FOS mapping we also provide evidence of opposing levels of engagement of hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex after training of mice in these two different regimens. This supports the hypothesis of the existence of parallel circuits guiding spatial navigation, one based on the well-described hippocampal representation, and another, RSC-dependent.

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