# Retrospective evaluation of the effects of pulmonary artery and aortic diameters on hospitalization duration and survival in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

**Authors:** Zarifa ABDULLAYEVA

PMC · DOI: 10.5578/tt.202402930 · 2024-06-12

## TL;DR

This study found that larger pulmonary artery and aortic diameters in CT scans of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were linked to higher mortality risk and shorter hospital stays.

## Contribution

The study identifies vascular diameters as potential prognostic indicators for mortality in COVID-19 patients.

## Key findings

- Non-survivors had significantly larger right and left pulmonary artery diameters compared to survivors.
- Hospitalization duration was shorter for non-survivors compared to survivors.
- Larger ascending aortic diameters were also associated with higher mortality risk.

## Abstract

ABSTRACT

Retrospective evaluation of the effects of pulmonary artery
and aortic diameters on hospitalization duration and survival in
patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Introduction:

This study explores the impact
of vascular diameters on mortality risk in Coronavirus disease-2019
(COVID-19) patients. COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents diverse clinical
manifestations and is associated with thrombosis.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we
retrospectively examined the data of patients who were hospitalized
and treated in our hospital between September 1, 2020, and November
30, 2020, and whose COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The diameters of
the ascending aorta, main pulmonary artery, and right and left
pulmonary arteries were measured from the chest computed tomography
(CT) scans taken at the time of admission. The aim of the study was
to inves- tigate the impact of vascular diameters on the course of
the disease.

Results:

Of 1.705 patients, 840 were
eligible for the study. We concluded that 36 of the patients (4.3%)
died, and among the non-survivors patients, 12 (33.3%) were females,
and 24 (66.7%) were males. Hospitalization duration was 7.1 ± 3.1
vs. 6.1 ± 2 days (p= 0.004) in surviving and non-surviving patients
respectively. On the other hand, we found the mean diameters of the
right pulmonary artery in the chest CT of patients to be 2.17 ± 0.35
vs. 2.44

± 0.29 cm in survivors and non-survivors, respectively
(p< 0.001). In addition, we found the mean diameters of the left
pulmonary artery 2.12 ± 0.32 vs.

2.34 ± 0.28 cm in survivors and non-survivors,
respectively (p< 0.001). Mean diameters of the ascending aorta
were 3.53 ± 0.46 vs. 3.72 ± 0.34 cm in survivors and non-survivors,
respectively (p= 0.017).

Conclusion:

The study underscores the
potential prognostic value of vascular diameters, especially in the
ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery, as

indicators of mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. The
association between vascular dilation and severity of COVID-19,
coupled with elevated D-dimer levels, suggests a link between
thrombosis and vascular involvement.

Key words:

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; ascending
aorta; pulmonary artery; death

ÖZ

COVID-19 tanısı ile hospitalize edilen hastalarda pulmoner
arter ve aort çaplarının hastane yatış süresi ve sağkalım üzerine
etkilerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi

Giriş:

Bu çalışma, Koronavirüs
hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) hastalarında damar çaplarının mortalite
riski üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak- tadır. Şiddetli akut solunum
sendromu Koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’nin neden olduğu COVID-19,
çeşitli klinik belirtiler ve tromboz ile ilişkilidir.

Materyal ve Metod:

Bu çalışmada 1 Eylül 2020
ile 30 Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde yatarak tedavi
gören ve ters trans- kriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (RT-PCR)
ile COVID-19 tanısı doğrulanan hastaların verileri geriye dönük
olarak incelendi. Başvuru anında çekilen akciğer bilgisayarlı
tomografisinden (BT) çıkan aort, ana pulmoner arter ile sağ ve sol
pulmoner arter çapları ölçüldü. Çalışmanın amacı damar çaplarının
hastalığın seyrine etkisini araştırmaktır.

Bulgular:

Çalışmaya 1705 hastanın 840’ı
uygun bulundu. Hastalardan 36 (%4,3)’sının öldüğü, ölen hastaların
ise 12 (%33,3)’sinin kadın, 24 (%66,7)’ünün erkek olduğu görüldü.
Hastanede kalış süresi yaşayan ve ölen hastalarda sırasıyla 7,1 ±
3,1 gün’e karşılık 6,1 ± 2 gün (p= 0,004) idi. Diğer yandan
hastaların akciğer BT’sinde sağ pulmoner arter çapını sırasıyla
yaşayan ve ölen hastalarda 2,17 ± 0,35 cm’e karşılık 2,44 ± 0,29 cm
olarak bulunmuştur (p< 0,001). Ayrıca sol pulmoner arter çapını
sırasıyla yaşayan ve ölen hastalarda 2,12 ± 0,32 cm’ye karşılık 2,34
± 0,28 cm olarak bulunmuştur (p< 0,001). Ortalama çıkan aort çapı
ise sırasıyla yaşayan ve ölen hastalarda 3,53 ± 0,46 cm’ye karşılık
3,72 ± 0,34 cm idi (p= 0,017).

Sonuç:

Çalışma, COVID-19 hastalarında
mortalite riskinin bir göstergesi olarak özellikle çıkan aort ve ana
pulmoner arterdeki çapların potansiyel prognostik değerinin altını
çizmektedir. Vasküler genişleme ile COVID-19'un ciddiyeti arasındaki
ilişki, yüksek D-dimer seviyeleriyle birleştiğinde, tromboz ile
vasküler tutulum arasında bir bağlantı olduğunu
düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar kelimeler:

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2;
asendan aort; pulmoner arter; ölüm

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** COVID-19 (MONDO:0100096)

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** died (MESH:D003643), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), thrombosis (MESH:D013927), vascular dilation (MESH:D002311)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049]

## Figures

2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11390091/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11390091