# Provider perception of presentations with nonspecific back pain in the emergency department and primary care practices: a semi-structured interview study

## TL;DR

This study explores how emergency and primary care providers approach non-specific back pain patients, highlighting differences in strategies and factors leading to emergency department visits.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into provider perspectives on managing non-specific back pain in emergency and primary care settings.

## Key findings

- Emergency physicians used either guideline-compliant or extensive diagnostic approaches for non-specific back pain.
- General practitioners emphasized physical exams and stepwise treatment with follow-ups.
- ED visits for NSBP were attributed to patient and healthcare system factors like lack of understanding and poor primary care access.

## Abstract

Increasing numbers of patients treated in the emergency departments pose challenges to delivering timely and high-quality care. Particularly, the presentation of patients with low-urgency complaints consumes resources needed for patients with higher urgency. In this context, patients with non-specific back pain (NSBP) often present to emergency departments instead of primary care providers. While patient perspectives are well understood, this study aims to add a provider perspective on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for NSBP in emergency and primary care settings.

In a qualitative content analysis, we interviewed seven Emergency Physicians (EP) and nine General Practitioners (GP) using a semi-structured interview to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with NSBP in emergency departments and primary care practices. A hypothetical case of NSBP was presented to the interviewees, followed by questions on their diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Recruitment was stopped after reaching saturation of the qualitative content analysis. Reporting this work follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.

EPs applied two different strategies for the workup of NSBP. A subset pursued a guideline-compliant diagnostic approach, ruling out critical conditions and managing pain without extensive diagnostics. Another group of EPs applied a more extensive approach, including extensive diagnostic resources and specialist consultations. GPs emphasized physical examinations and stepwise treatment, including scheduled follow-ups and a better knowledge of the patient history to guide diagnostics and therapy. Both groups attribute ED visits for NSBP to patient related and healthcare system related factors: lack of understanding of healthcare structures, convenience, demand for immediate diagnostics, and fear of serious conditions. Furthermore, both groups reported an ill-suited healthcare infrastructure with insufficiently available primary care services as a contributing factor.

The study highlights a need for improving guideline adherence in younger EPs and better patient education on the healthcare infrastructure. Furthermore, improving access and availability of primary care services could reduce ED visits of patients with NSBP.

No trial registration needed.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12245-024-00694-2.