# Diagnosis and Management of an H-type Tracheoesophageal Fistula in a Neonate: A Case Report

## TL;DR

This case report describes the diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of a rare tracheoesophageal fistula in a newborn.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in highlighting the use of combined diagnostic methods for a rare H-type TEF in a neonate.

## Key findings

- Respiratory distress, cough, and vomiting in a neonate led to the suspicion of H-type TEF.
- High-resolution CT and esophagogram confirmed the diagnosis, followed by successful corrective surgery.
- Prompt surgical intervention improved outcomes and prevented complications.

## Abstract

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital anomaly resulting from the incomplete fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridge during the third week of embryonic development. This case report presents a male neonate, born at term via normal vaginal delivery, who developed respiratory distress, persistent cough, and vomiting within hours of birth. Despite initial management with respiratory support and antibiotics, the infant's condition persisted, prompting further investigation. High-resolution computed tomography and an esophagogram revealed a suspected H-type TEF, which was confirmed via rigid bronchoscopy. Following the diagnosis, the patient underwent corrective surgery, leading to symptom resolution. This case underscores the importance of considering TEF in neonates with persistent respiratory symptoms and the need for a combination of diagnostic modalities to confirm this rare anomaly. Prompt surgical intervention is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes.