# A Mysterious Rash Following Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Not So Sweet Ending

## TL;DR

An elderly man developed a rash and fever after heart surgery, leading to a rare diagnosis of Sweet syndrome linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.

## Contribution

The paper presents a case report with a detailed diagnostic approach for Sweet syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery.

## Key findings

- A disseminated rash and fever were linked to Sweet syndrome after ruling out infective endocarditis.
- Sweet syndrome was later associated with myelodysplastic syndrome via bone marrow biopsy.
- The report outlines a diagnostic algorithm and reviews the history and treatment of Sweet syndrome.

## Abstract

A male in his 70s, with a recent history of aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM), developed a fever, raised inflammatory markers, and a disseminated rash. Despite being attributed a diagnosis of an unspecified connective tissue disorder and erythema nodosum at his local hospital, his symptoms continued to deteriorate. A subsequent urgent admission was arranged to his original cardiothoracic centre for the exclusion of infective endocarditis (IE). Although this was subsequently ruled out by echocardiography and microbiological evaluation, a diagnosis of Sweet syndrome (SS) was made following a punch biopsy of a skin lesion. This was later attributed to myelodysplastic syndrome following a bone marrow biopsy. In this report, we firstly describe our diagnostic algorithm for reaching this diagnosis and the characteristic skin lesions associated with this condition. We furthermore review the history of SS, its known associations, and treatment options.