# The neural basis of attentional selection in goal-directed memory retrieval

## TL;DR

This study investigates how the brain selects relevant memories during goal-directed retrieval, finding that attentional processes enhance task-relevant information access.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel EEG-based approach to explore attentional selection during goal-directed memory retrieval.

## Key findings

- Behavioral responses were faster and more confident in the selective cue condition.
- EEG showed higher decoding accuracy and stronger posterior contralateral negativity in the selective cue condition.
- Lateralized alpha power was more pronounced in the selective cue condition.

## Abstract

Goal-directed memory reactivation involves retrieving the most relevant information for the current behavioral goal. Previous research has linked this process to activations in the fronto-parietal network, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanism remains poorly understood. The current electroencephalogram (EEG) study explores attentional selection as a possible mechanism supporting goal-directed retrieval. We designed a long-term memory experiment containing three phases. First, participants learned associations between objects and two screen locations. In a following phase, we changed the relevance of some locations (selective cue condition) to simulate goal-directed retrieval. We also introduced a control condition, in which the original associations remained unchanged (neutral cue condition). Behavior performance measured during the final retrieval phase revealed faster and more confident responses in the selective vs. neutral condition. At the EEG level, we found significant differences in decoding accuracy, with above-chance effects in the selective cue condition but not in the neutral cue condition. Additionally, we observed a stronger posterior contralateral negativity and lateralized alpha power in the selective cue condition. Overall, these results suggest that attentional selection enhances task-relevant information accessibility, emphasizing its role in goal-directed memory retrieval.