# Giant urinary bladder stone: A rare case report

## TL;DR

A rare case of a giant urinary bladder stone in a 52-year-old man is reported, highlighting its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment with open cystolithotomy.

## Contribution

The paper presents a rare clinical case of a giant bladder stone and emphasizes the effectiveness of open cystolithotomy for its removal.

## Key findings

- Giant bladder stones are rare and often result from neglected symptoms over several years.
- Open cystolithotomy is recommended for giant bladder stones with a near 100% stone removal rate.
- Symptoms include severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and hematuria.

## Abstract

Giant urinary bladder stones are rare phenomenon which is associated with chronic urinary infections, intravesical foreign bodies, urethral strictures, bladder diverticula etc.

A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and pollakuria for the last ten years. Physical examination revealed a palpable suprapubic mass with no obvious flank masses. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed right-sided gross hydroureteronephrosis and thinning of renal parenchyma along with a hyperechoic structure with posterior acoustic shadowing was noted in the region of the urinary bladder, suggesting a vesical calculus. Plain CT of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) confirmed right nephrolithiasis in lower poly calyx and a large vesical calculus (10.6 cm × 8.6 cm x8.8 cm, +1110 HU). Open cystolithotomy with a right-sided double-J “DJ” stent insertion was performed. Post-operative period went uneventful.

Giant bladder stones are extremely rare, often resulting from neglected symptoms in otherwise normal individuals. They typically develop over several years and present with symptoms like severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, supra-pubic pain, and hematuria. Diagnosis is made by cystoscopy, ultrasonography and CT-KUB. Treatment includes intracorporeal cystolithotripsy using a laser, ultrasonic lithotripter, or pneumatic lithotripter, depending on availability. Endourologic procedures have been safer and more cost-effective for bladder stones, however, open removal is the treatment of choice for giant bladder stones.

Open cystolithotomy can be performed to remove giant bladder stone with near 100 % stone removal rate.

•Giant bladder stones are associated with chronic urinary infections, intravesical foreign bodies, urethral strictures, bladder diverticula etc.•Stones present with symptoms like severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, supra-pubic pain, and hematuria•Diagnosis is made by cystoscopy, ultrasonography and CT-KUB examination•Treatment includes open cystolithotomy for giant bladder stones.

Giant bladder stones are associated with chronic urinary infections, intravesical foreign bodies, urethral strictures, bladder diverticula etc.

Stones present with symptoms like severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, supra-pubic pain, and hematuria

Diagnosis is made by cystoscopy, ultrasonography and CT-KUB examination

Treatment includes open cystolithotomy for giant bladder stones.