Use of the Screening for Occult Renal Disease (SCORED) Questionnaire to Screen Diabetic Nephropathy in Asymptomatic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

TL;DR

This study tested a questionnaire to screen for kidney disease in people with diabetes who show no symptoms.

Contribution

The study evaluated the effectiveness of the SCORED questionnaire in predicting chronic kidney disease in asymptomatic patients.

Findings

The SCORED questionnaire had a high sensitivity (90.9%) but low specificity (30.2%) for detecting CKD.

The study found a 15.6% prevalence of CKD among 212 asymptomatic participants.

Glycemic changes were associated with an increased risk for CKD.

Abstract

Introduction: The 2007 Screening for Occult Renal Disease (SCORED) questionnaire accesses risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and makes it possible to screen high-risk patients, being adapted and validated for the Brazilian culture in 2012. The present study evaluated the questionnaire's ability to predict the occurrence of CKD in asymptomatic patients, as well as identify a high risk for developing the disease.

Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design carried out in two stages: answering the SCORED and performing fasting blood glucose and creatinine tests. The participants were patients at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) with scheduled creatinine and fasting blood glucose tests, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined for the study. SCORED was applied with questions covering gender, age, proteinuria, and diabetes, being classified as high or low risk for CKD. The data collected were height, weight, age, sex, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and fasting blood glucose.

Results: The sample space was 212 individuals, the majority of whom were female (N=130, 61.3%), with a median of 58 years of age. The prevalence of CKD was 15.6% (N=33) with a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 30.2%, a positive predictive value of 19.4%, a negative predictive value of 94.7%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 39.7%.

Conclusion: We concluded that the SCORED questionnaire can be a useful tool for screening CKD in asymptomatic patients and also that there is a relationship was detected between glycemic changes and an increased risk for CKD.

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