# Presentations and management of hospitalized patients with upper extremity fractures at a level 1 trauma center: a 5-year observational study

## TL;DR

This study examines upper extremity fractures in hospitalized trauma patients at a Qatari trauma center, finding that young males and motor vehicle crashes are major contributors.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed analysis of upper extremity fracture patterns and management in a level 1 trauma center in a developing country.

## Key findings

- Young males predominantly sustained upper extremity fractures, often due to motor vehicle crashes.
- Shoulder girdle fractures, especially clavicle and scapula/glenoid, were most common.
- Pedestrians faced higher injury severity and mortality compared to other groups.

## Abstract

Upper extremity injuries (UEIs) are common in the emergency departments, yet they are under-reported in developing countries. This study examined the frequency, injury characteristics, and treatment approaches of upper extremity fractures (UEFs) among hospitalized trauma patients in a nationally representative population.

We conducted a retrospective, observational study including all the hospitalized patients with UEFs in the only level 1 trauma center in Qatar between July 2015 and August 2020. Comparative analyses were performed according to injury mechanisms, severity, and management approach.

A total of 2,023 patients sustained UEIs with an average age of 34.4 ± 12.9 years, and 92% were males. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs; 42.3%) were the primary cause of shoulder girdle injuries in 48.3% of cases. Fractures of the radius, ulna, and hands occurred in 30.8, 16.5 and 14.5%, respectively. Young adults were more involved in MVCs and motorcycle crashes (MCCs), while pedestrians who were typically older had a higher rate of humerus fractures. Patients with MCCs had a higher rate of clavicle and ulna fractures. Pedestrians were at risk of serious injuries, with a higher mean injury severity score and lower Glasgow Coma Scale.

Most UEFs patients were young males and mainly affected by MVCs. Shoulder girdle, particularly clavicle and scapula/glenoid fractures, emerged as common injury sites. The study highlighted the potential risk of pedestrian injuries, as reflected in higher injury severity, concomitant injuries, and higher mortality. Future studies are needed to optimize preventive measures by incorporating insights into specific injury mechanisms and patterns of UEIs.