Clinical Characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Caucasians and Latin American Hispanics: Data from a Single Tertiary Center

TL;DR

This study found no significant differences in SLE disease features between Caucasians and Hispanics in Italy, suggesting healthcare access may be more important than genetics.

Contribution

The study suggests that free healthcare access may reduce ethnic disparities in SLE outcomes.

Findings

No significant differences in clinical features or outcomes between Hispanic and Caucasian SLE patients.

Disease duration was longer in Caucasians, but differences in damage index were not significant after correction.

Socioeconomic factors may influence SLE outcomes more than genetic background in this setting.

Abstract

Different studies report that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tends to have a more aggressive course in Hispanic patients. In this study, we analysed epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics in a cohort of Hispanic and Caucasian lupus patients in the context of Italian health service, which provides free access to care to all citizens, thus mitigating the impact of socioeconomic factors that negatively influence the course of the disease in ethnic minorities.

This single-center retrospective study was conducted at the San Martino Hospital “Lupus Clinic” in Genoa, Italy. Patients ≥18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of SLE and definite ethnicity (Hispanic or Caucasian) were recruited.

A total of 126 patients (90 Caucasians and 36 Hispanics) were enrolled. We compared epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, autoantibodies profile, and treatment options without evidencing any statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for disease duration, which was higher in the Caucasian group (20.4 years versus 14.2 years in the Hispanic group, P=0.002) and SLICC damage index, which was greater in Caucasian patients (2.11 versus 1.88 in Hispanics, P=0.037), but this difference was no longer significant after correction for disease duration (P=0.096).

In our cohort, Hispanic ethnicity is not associated with worse disease features and outcomes. Therefore, we speculated that socioeconomic factors, in particular, free access to healthcare, might be more relevant in influencing the course of the disease than genetic background.