# Pathological Fracture on a Cyst-Like Mandibular Lesion Revealing a Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Clinical Case and Review of the Literature

## TL;DR

A rare case of jaw cancer was discovered through a cyst-like lesion and fracture, highlighting the importance of early detection.

## Contribution

This paper presents an unusual clinical case of PIOSCC and reviews literature to identify diagnostic red flags.

## Key findings

- PIOSCC is often diagnosed incidentally through histological analysis.
- Early detection relies on recognizing clinicoradiologic red flags.
- The case highlights the challenge of distinguishing PIOSCC from other carcinomas.

## Abstract

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare malignant tumor originating from remnants of odontogenic epithelium within the central jaw bone. The majority of the PIOSCC cases are diagnosed incidentally on histological findings while a potential malignancy wasn’t necessarily determined at first on initial investigations. The diagnosis of PIOSCC is challenging and relies on ruling out other types of carcinomas, including metastatic tumors from other primary sites. It is essential for the physician to detect potential clinicoradiologic "red flags" for an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this article, we present an unusual case of PIOSCC discovered on a cyst-like lesion with pathological fracture and review the current literature to identify the potential warning features.