# DNA Repair and Mutagenesis of ADP-Ribosylated DNA by Pierisin

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how DNA modified by pierisin from cabbage white butterflies causes DNA repair and mutations during replication.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of DNA repair and mutagenesis mechanisms specific to N2-ADPR-dG lesions induced by pierisin.

## Key findings

- N2-ADPR-dG is repaired via nucleotide excision repair in E. coli and human cells.
- Eukaryotic DNA polymerase κ facilitates error-prone translesion synthesis across N2-ADPR-dG.
- N2-ADPR-dG induces G:C to T:A and G:C to C:G mutations in DNA.

## Abstract

Pierisin is a DNA-targeting ADP-ribosyltransferase found in cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae). Pierisin transfers an ADP-ribosyl moiety to the 2-amino group of the guanine residue in DNA, yielding N2-(ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine (N2-ADPR-dG). Generally, such chemically modified DNA is recognized as DNA damage and elicits cellular responses, including DNA repair pathways. In Escherichia coli and human cells, it has been experimentally demonstrated that N2-ADPR-dG is a substrate of the nucleotide excision repair system. Although DNA repair machineries can remove most lesions, some unrepaired damages frequently lead to mutagenesis through DNA replication. Replication past the damaged DNA template is called translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). In vitro primer extension experiments have shown that eukaryotic DNA polymerase κ is involved in TLS across N2-ADPR-dG. In many cases, TLS is error-prone and thus a mutagenic process. Indeed, the induction of G:C to T:A and G:C to C:G mutations by N2-ADPR-dG in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutation assay with Chinese hamster cells and supF shuttle vector plasmids assay using human fibroblasts has been reported. This review provides a detailed overview of DNA repair, TLS and mutagenesis of N2-ADPR-dG induced by cabbage butterfly pierisin-1.