# Evaluating stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles during storage

## TL;DR

This study examines how storage temperature affects the stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles over time.

## Contribution

The study reveals that storage temperature alone is insufficient to preserve the stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles.

## Key findings

- RDNVs aggregated after 2 weeks at 4°C, with increased particle size and solution potential.
- Bioactivity of RDNVs declined over time, especially in cell proliferation inhibition.
- Anti-migratory activity was better preserved with rapid freezing followed by storage at -80°C.

## Abstract

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have garnered growing attention in the biomedical field owing to their abundance in plant-derived ribonucleic acids (RNA), proteins, lipids and metabolites. The question about the preservation of PDNVs is a crucial and unavoidable concern in both experiments’ settings and their potential clinical application. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of varying storage temperatures on the stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles (RDNVs). The results showed that RDNVs aggregated after 2 weeks of storage period at 4 °C, and the particle size of some RDNVs gradually increased with time, along with the increase of solution potential. After 2 months of storage, all RDNVs exhibited varying levels of aggregation irrespective of storage temperature. The bioactivities of nanovesicles under different temperature storage conditions revealed a gradual decline in cell proliferation inhibition bioactivity over time, significantly lower than that of freshly prepared RDNVs. In contrast, the preservation of anti-migratory activity in RDNVs was found to be more effective when subjected to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by storage at − 80 °C, as opposed to direct storage at − 80 °C. These findings suggest that temperature alone may not be sufficient in safeguarding the activity and stability of RDNVs, highlighting the necessity for the development of novel protective agents for PDNVs.