# Genotyping single point mutations in rd1 and rd8 mice using melting curve analysis of qPCR fragments

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a simplified method for genotyping single point mutations in mice using melting curve analysis after qPCR.

## Contribution

The novel approach uses MS-PCR with optimized primers to distinguish mutations via melting temperatures, avoiding gel electrophoresis.

## Key findings

- MS-PCR with melting curve analysis successfully genotypes rd1 and rd8 mutations in mice.
- Optimized primers increase melting temperature differences for easier mutation detection.
- The method is simple, efficient, and suitable for single nucleotide variant detection.

## Abstract

PCR is tolerant to single nucleotide mismatches. Therefore, genotyping of point mutations by PCR requires special conditions for the amplification of allele-specific PCR fragments. MS-PCR (mutagenically separated PCR) is an improved version of ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) in which additional nucleotide mismatches near the mutation site are used to separate the wt fragments from the mutant fragments in a single-tube PCR. In the originally described procedure, the resulting fragments are resolved on agarose gels according to differences in size introduced by different lengths of the allele-specific primers. In order to evaluate the PCR fragments by melting curve analysis, we enlarged the difference in the melting temperatures of the fragments of the two alleles by increasing the GC content of the longer allele-specific primer resulting in a higher melting temperature of the corresponding fragment. Using the murine retinal degeneration mutations rd1 and rd8 as an example, we show that such primers result in an easy to handle genotyping procedure: qPCR followed by melting curve analysis. In summary, MS-PCR is a simple and easy-to-use method for detecting single nucleotide variants.