# Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ), Portuguese (European) Version

## TL;DR

This study adapted and validated a questionnaire to assess walking confidence in older adults for use in the Portuguese population.

## Contribution

The study provides a culturally adapted and validated Portuguese (European) version of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ).

## Key findings

- The Portuguese ASCQ version showed high internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and ICC of 0.95).
- The questionnaire demonstrated significant criterion and construct validity with statistically significant correlations.
- A ceiling effect of 3.5% was observed, but no floor effect was found.

## Abstract

In a world where physical activity and social participation are fundamental pillars of a full and healthy life, confidence in walking has emerged as a fundamental aspect to assess, especially for older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a Portuguese (European) version of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ) that was both linguistically and psychometrically adapted. To do so, a translation method was used, followed by an assessment of its validity and reliability. The Portuguese version was completed by 173 older adults. To assess reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used. For sociodemographic and clinical characterization, as well as questionnaire scoring, descriptive statistical analysis was used. Pearson’s correlation (r), Student’s t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze criterion and construction validity. The Portuguese interactions with ASCQ were effectively translated and adjusted, revealing exceptional internal consistency and test–retest reliability, as reflected in Cronbach’s alpha and ICC values of 0.95. No floor effect was observed; however, a ceiling effect was identified (3.5%). The criterion and construct validity were verified as all the correlations established were statistically significant. The adaptation of the ASCQ to Portuguese culture is adequate, making it valid for use within the Portuguese population.