# Detecting Nanotopography Induced Changes in Cell Migration Directions Using Oxygen Sensors

## TL;DR

This study shows how nanotopography affects cell movement and oxygen use, offering new ways to design biomaterials for regenerative medicine.

## Contribution

The first integration of nanotopographies with an O2 biosensor to monitor real-time oxygen consumption during cell migration.

## Key findings

- Cells on nanopillars showed enhanced migration motility and more frequent directional changes.
- Cells on nanopillars exhibited increased protrusions, filopodia, and denser F-actin structures.
- Dynamic metabolic responses indicated higher oxygen consumption and mitochondrial activity due to directional changes.

## Abstract

This study investigates the oxygen (O2) consumption of single cells during changes in their migration direction. This is the first integration of nanotopographies with an O2 biosensor in a platform, allowing the real-time monitoring of O2 consumption in cells and the ability to distinguish cells migrating in the same direction from those migrating in the opposite direction. Advanced nanofabrication technologies were used to pattern nanoholes or nanopillars on grating ridges, and their effects were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, cell migration assays, and O2 consumption analysis. The results revealed that cells on the nanopillars over grating ridges exhibited an enhanced migration motility and more frequent directional changes. Additionally, these cells showed an increased number of protrusions and filopodia with denser F-actin areas and an increased number of dotted F-actin structures around the nanopillars. Dynamic metabolic responses were also evident, as indicated by the fluorescence intensity peaks of platinum octaethylporphyrin ketone dye, reflecting an increased O2 consumption and higher mitochondria activities, due to the higher energy required in response to directional changes. The study emphasizes the complex interplay between O2 consumption and cell migration directional changes, providing insights into biomaterial science and regenerative medicine. It suggests innovative designs for biomaterials that guide cell migration and metabolism, advocating nanoengineered platforms to harness the intricate relationships between cells and their microenvironments for therapeutic applications.