# Incorporating connectivity among Internet search data for enhanced influenza-like illness tracking

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method for tracking influenza-like illness using internet search data, improving accuracy and adaptability for public health monitoring.

## Contribution

ARGO-C is a novel approach that incorporates clustered internet search data for more accurate and interpretable disease tracking.

## Key findings

- ARGO-C outperforms benchmark methods in tracking %ILI at various geographical resolutions.
- The method is adaptable for tracking other diseases and social or economic trends.
- ARGO-C enhances the accuracy and robustness of disease tracking frameworks.

## Abstract

Big data collected from the Internet possess great potential to reveal the ever-changing trends in society. In particular, accurate infectious disease tracking with Internet data has grown in popularity, providing invaluable information for public health decision makers and the general public. However, much of the complex connectivity among the Internet search data is not effectively addressed among existing disease tracking frameworks. To this end, we propose ARGO-C (Augmented Regression with Clustered GOogle data), an integrative, statistically principled approach that incorporates the clustering structure of Internet search data to enhance the accuracy and interpretability of disease tracking. Focusing on multi-resolution %ILI (influenza-like illness) tracking, we demonstrate the improved performance and robustness of ARGO-C over benchmark methods at various geographical resolutions. We also highlight the adaptability of ARGO-C to track various diseases in addition to influenza, and to track other social or economic trends.