# Reconstruction of functional human lips utilizing a prelaminated flap

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new hybrid tissue engineering method for reconstructing human lips after injury or surgery.

## Contribution

The novel approach combines in situ muscle flap prefabrication with in vitro mucocutaneous construct fabrication for lip reconstruction.

## Key findings

- A hybrid method was developed for functional lip reconstruction using prelaminated muscle flaps.
- The approach integrates in situ and in vitro techniques to create a designer microvascular muscle free flap.
- This method offers an alternative to traditional surgical techniques for lip reconstruction.

## Abstract

Lips form a structure that are difficult to reconstruct after a traumatic avulsion injury or cancer ablative surgery secondary to loss of volumetric muscle mass. Traditional tissue engineering approaches of in vitro fabrication of mature tissue constructs can supply an alternative to the current surgical standard of care for functional lip reconstruction. We demonstrate a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of in situ muscle flap prefabrication with in vitro fabrication of an autogenous mucocutaneous construct as the laminate for prelamination to form a designer microvascular muscle free flap for lip reconstruction.