# Identification of differentially expressed genes, pathways, and immune infiltration in diabetes

## TL;DR

This study identifies genes and immune cell changes in Type 2 Diabetes, offering insights into its molecular mechanisms and potential treatment targets.

## Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and immune infiltration in Type 2 Diabetes.

## Key findings

- Differentially expressed genes are linked to thermogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in diabetes.
- Immune cell infiltration, including M2 macrophages and monocytes, is increased in Type 2 Diabetes samples.
- Levels of T-cells and naive B-cells are reduced in diabetes patients compared to healthy controls.

## Abstract

•GO enrichment analysis include CC, BP and MF in diabetes.•Most significantly enriched pathways include thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species.•The proportion of macrophages M2, CDB T-cells, monocytes, and resting mast cells (M2, T-cells CDB, Monocytes, Mast Cells resting) in samples from T2DM patients is higher and more abundant in diabetes.•The content of T-cells, testing NK cells, naive B-cells, and naive CD4 T-cells is relatively low in diabetes.

GO enrichment analysis include CC, BP and MF in diabetes.

Most significantly enriched pathways include thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species.

The proportion of macrophages M2, CDB T-cells, monocytes, and resting mast cells (M2, T-cells CDB, Monocytes, Mast Cells resting) in samples from T2DM patients is higher and more abundant in diabetes.

The content of T-cells, testing NK cells, naive B-cells, and naive CD4 T-cells is relatively low in diabetes.

This study aimed to perform exhaustive bioinformatic analysis by using GSE29221 micro-array maps obtained from healthy controls and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) patients. Raw data are downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by the limma package in R software to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). Gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Gene Encyclopedia and Genome Pathway analysis are performed to determine the biological functions and pathways of DEGs. A protein interaction network is constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify key genes. Finally, immune infiltration analysis is performed using the Cibersort method. This study has implications for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of T2DM and provides potential targets for further research.