Influence of connective tissue grafts on implants in the aesthetic area: A systematic review. Are connective grafts essential?

TL;DR

This systematic review examines if connective tissue grafts improve dental implant aesthetics and soft tissue outcomes in the front teeth area.

Contribution

The study evaluates the necessity and effectiveness of connective tissue grafts in implant aesthetics through a systematic review.

Findings

Connective tissue grafts impact soft tissue thickness and reduce gingival recessions.

Results on aesthetics are mixed, with slight improvements in the Pink Esthetic Score.

The procedure may negatively affect soft tissue texture and causes patient discomfort.

Abstract

Achieving adequate aesthetics with implants in the anterior sector continues to be a challenge. One of the most studied and currently used techniques is the use of autologous connective tissue grafts to improve the peri-implant soft tissues in this area. Our objective is to analyze whether these techniques have a predictable impact on the tissues and aesthetics; and if it is worth performing them.

A bibliographic search was carried out, including different digital portals.

A total of 8 articles were analyzed. This procedure did not have an impact on the hard tissue but did have an impact on gingival recessions and soft tissue thickness. Regarding aesthetics, the results are controversial. It seems that they can slightly improve the PES (Pink Esthetic Score or Pink Index). Also, a negative impact on the texture of the soft tissue has been found.

It is necessary to individualize each case (especially depending on the gingival biotype) since taking a connective tissue graft from the palate entails discomfort for the patient, and this technique is not free of complications.

Key words:Dental implants, aesthetics, connective graft.

Figures