# Patterns of Cerebrovascular Accidents in Antiphospholipid Syndrome

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how antiphospholipid syndrome increases stroke risk in young adults and emphasizes the importance of checking for specific immune markers in stroke patients.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a case series linking specific antiphospholipid antibody profiles to stroke risk in APS patients.

## Key findings

- High-risk APL profiles like lupus anticoagulant and triple APL positivity are linked to cardiovascular events in APS.
- APS patients with SLE and traditional risk factors face higher stroke risks.
- The case series emphasizes the need to assess immunological profiles in stroke patients.

## Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects young adults. It is characterized by the development of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) and a wide range of macro- and microvascular symptoms. The primary causes of morbidity and mortality in APS are cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events are associated with high-risk APL profiles, particularly with the presence of lupus anticoagulant and triple APL positivity (all three APL subtypes), co-existence with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and traditional risk factors like smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipemia. We present a case series involving three female stroke patients with APS. This series highlights the importance of immunological profiles in all stroke patients.