# Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil around typical automobile repair workshops in Nigeria

## TL;DR

This study measured harmful chemicals in soil near car repair shops in Nigeria and found significant cancer risks for people who come into contact with the soil.

## Contribution

The study quantifies PAH concentrations and associated cancer risks in soils near Nigerian auto repair workshops.

## Key findings

- Mean PAH concentrations ranged from 5.58 to 6.4 μg/g with 59.39% being carcinogenic PAHs.
- Total ILCRs for adults and children exceeded WHO permissible limits, indicating high cancer risks.
- Hazard quotients were several times higher than 1, suggesting significant non-carcinogenic risks.

## Abstract

Background: This study determined the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil around typical automobile repair workshops in Nigeria. Risk assessment associated with human contact with the soil was carried out using hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) from human unconscious ingestion and dermal contact with the soil.

Methods: Soil samples were obtained at different automobile workshops in Ado-Ekiti, Western Nigeria. The PAHS in the samples were extracted using dichloromethane and extracts were cleaned up using silica-alumina gel open column chromatography. Analysis of PAHs in the soil was done using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector operated on electron ionization mode.

Results: The results showed the mean PAHs concentration at the sampling locations ranged from 5.58 – 6.4
μg/g and the mean ∑ carcinogenic PAHs was 58.4
μg/g, equivalent to 59.39 % of total PAHs observed. The mean Toxicity equivalence (TEQs) ranged from 0.02 - 6.680
μg/g. Benzo (a) pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene have the highest toxicity equivalent. The total ILCRs from accidental ingestion and dermal contact in adults were
1 ×10^(-3) and 9.8 ×10^(-5)
, for adults and children respectively; both are higher than the permissible limit stipulated by the World Health Organization.The HQs obtained are several folds higher than 1. This implies high carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults.

Conclusions: The study revealed the levels of PAHs and also revealed the risks associated with human contact with the soil around automobile repair workshops.