# Quantitative stakeholder-driven assessment of radiation protection issues via a PIANOFORTE online survey

## TL;DR

An online survey gathered stakeholder opinions on radiation protection priorities, revealing diverse perspectives and the need for ongoing engagement.

## Contribution

A stakeholder-driven survey framework was developed to assess radiation protection priorities and attitudes across a broad geographical range.

## Key findings

- Approximately 70% of participants were new to similar surveys, indicating proactive stakeholder engagement.
- Four distinct stakeholder groups with varying attitudes were identified through cluster analysis.
- Participants expressed diverse opinions on radiation health effects, medical use, and emergency preparedness.

## Abstract

To enhance stakeholder engagement and foster the inclusion of interests of citizens in radiation protection research, a comprehensive online survey was developed within the framework of the European Partnership PIANOFORTE. This survey was performed in 2022 and presented an opportunity for a wide range of stakeholders to voice their opinions on research priorities in radiation protection for the foreseeable future. Simultaneously, it delved into pertinent issues surrounding general radiation protection. The PIANOFORTE e-survey was conducted in the English language, accommodating a diverse range of participants. Overall, 440 respondents provided their insights and feedback, representing a broad geographical reach encompassing 29 European countries, as well as Canada, China, Colombia, India, and the United States. To assess the outcomes, the Positive Matrix Factorization numerical model was applied, in addition to qualitative and quantitative assessment of individual responses, enabling the discernment of four distinct stakeholder groups with varying attitudes. While the questionnaire may not fully represent all stakeholders due to the limited respondent pool, it is noteworthy that approximately 70% of the participants were newcomers to comparable surveys, demonstrating a proactive attitude, a strong willingness to collaborate and the necessity to continuously engage with stakeholder groups. Among the individual respondents, distinct opinions emerged particularly regarding health effects of radiation exposure, medical use of radiation, radiation protection of workers and the public, as well as emergency and recovery preparedness and response. In cluster analysis, none of the identified groups had clear preferences concerning the prioritization of future radiation protection research topics.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00411-024-01084-1.