# Ethanol foam: a novel type of foam sclerosant for treating venous malformations

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a new ethanol-based foam to treat venous malformations, aiming to balance effectiveness with reduced risks.

## Contribution

A novel ethanol foam sclerosant was created with optimized composition for treating venous malformations.

## Key findings

- The optimal ethanol concentration range for the foam was found to be 30–60%.
- A stable 48% ethanol foam was successfully formulated using specific surfactant ratios.
- The ethanol foam shows promise as a safer and effective treatment for venous malformations.

## Abstract

Sclerotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment approach for venous malformations. Absolute ethanol is renowned for its remarkable efficacy as a potent sclerosants, but it is potentially associated with severe complications. Foam sclerotherapy is considered superior to liquid sclerotherapy owing to its heightened efficacy and diminished incidence of complications. Thus, our objective was to devise an ethanol foam sclerosant that delivers exceptional efficacy while mitigating complications.

In the first set of experiments, we identified the suitable range of ethanol concentrations for sclerotherapy through human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation assays and blood clotting experiments. Next, the surfactants polysorbate 80, egg yolk lecithin, and hyaluronic acid were added to create stable ethanol foam, with their ratios meticulously optimized.

The optimal concentration range of ethanol was determined to be 30–60%. Eventually, a 48% ethanol foam was successfully produced with excellent stability. Other than ethanol, the formulation included 5 × 10−3 g/mL polysorbate 80, 10−2 g/mL egg yolk lecithin, and 0.04 mL/mL hyaluronic acid.

The novel ethanol foam produced here could be a promising candidate for the treatment of venous malformations.