# Categories and Profiles of Uveitis in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome With Systemic Correlation: Inferences From a Tertiary Multispecialty Hospital

## TL;DR

This study examines the patterns of uveitis in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and how they relate to systemic symptoms, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for treatment.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the correlation between uveitis severity and systemic manifestations in VKH syndrome through a retrospective analysis of 100 patients.

## Key findings

- Probable VKH syndrome was the most common form observed in the study population.
- Extraocular symptoms like tinnitus and vitiligo were present in 33% of patients.
- Systemic corticosteroids showed better response in acute uveitis compared to chronic cases.

## Abstract

Introduction

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a granulomatous, autoimmune panuveitis, affecting the eyes, ears, skin, and meninges. It can cause choroiditis and can progress to the retina and optic disc causing visual loss. Imaging using fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and enhanced depth imaging-ocular coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) is required for clinical evaluation and management. Steroids and immunosuppression are the treatment modalities used.

Aim

The aim of this study is to report the correlation and severity of uveitis in relation to systemic manifestations.

Method

A retrospective study including 100 patients with VKH syndrome was carried out. They were classified based on clinical manifestations and investigations such as FFA, ICGA, B-scan ultrasonography (USG), and ocular coherence tomography (OCT). Patients were characterized as complete, incomplete, and probable VKH syndrome. Laboratory investigations were performed, and statistical analysis was done.

Results

Probable VKH syndrome was found to be the most common form of presentation in our study population. Defective vision was the most common complaint among the patients. Extraocular manifestations included tinnitus, vertigo, alopecia, headache, fatigue, and vitiligo and were seen in 33% of the patients. Disc edema and serous retinal detachment were seen in 85% of the patients. Improvement was noted in 25% of the patients with the use of corticosteroids.

Conclusion

Response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppression in the acute phase of uveitis is better compared to chronic uveitis. The ophthalmologist is usually first consulted in VKH syndrome due to presenting ocular complaints. A multidisciplinary approach is key to providing holistic management.