# Increased age and the volume of intraoperative fluid administered predict urinary retention after elective inguinal herniorrhaphy

## TL;DR

This study identifies increased age and higher intraoperative fluid volume as risk factors for urinary retention after hernia surgery.

## Contribution

The study identifies two new independent predictors of postoperative urinary retention after inguinal hernia repair.

## Key findings

- Increased age was significantly associated with postoperative urinary retention.
- Higher intraoperative fluid volume was independently linked to urinary retention.
- Limiting fluid administration may help prevent this complication.

## Abstract

Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common surgical procedure worldwide. Although IHR can be performed by the minimally invasive method, which accelerates recovery, postoperative urinary retention (POUR) remains a common complication that significantly impacts patients. Thus, it is essential to identify the risk factors associated with POUR to diminish its negative impact.

We conducted a single-center retrospective review of elective IHR from 2018 to 2021. POUR was defined as the postoperative use of straight catheter or placement of an indwelling catheter to relieve the symptoms. Adjusted multivariate regression analysis was performed to address the associations of clinicodemographic, surgical, and intraoperative factors with POUR.

A total of 946 subjects were included in the analysis after excluding cases of emergent surgery, recurrent hernia, or concomitant operations. The median age was 68.4 years, and 92.0% of the patients were male. Twenty-three (2.4%) patients developed POUR. In univariate analysis, POUR in comparison with non-POUR was significantly associated with increased age (72.2 versus 68.3 years, P = 0.012), a greater volume of intraoperative fluid administered (500 versus 400 ml, P = 0.040), and the diagnosis with benign prostate hypertrophy (34.8% versus 16.9%, P = 0.025). In the multivariate model, both increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; P = 0.049) and a greater volume of intraoperative fluid administered (OR 1.12 per 100-mL increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.27; P = 0.047) were significantly associated with the occurrence of POUR.

We found that increased age and a greater volume of intraoperative fluid administered were significantly associated with the occurrence of POUR. Limiting the administration of intraoperative fluid may prevent POUR. From the perspective of practical implications, specific guidelines or clinical pathways should be implemented for fluid management and patient assessment.