# An Unusual Case Report of Male Genital Tuberculosis

## TL;DR

This paper reports three rare cases of testicular tuberculosis, highlighting the challenges in diagnosing this uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in presenting three confirmed cases of isolated testicular tuberculosis, a rare manifestation of EPTB.

## Key findings

- Testicular tuberculosis was diagnosed using tissue biopsy and AFB smears.
- The condition is rare and often difficult to detect due to its pauci-bacillary nature.
- The report emphasizes the need for invasive diagnostic methods in such cases.

## Abstract

The burden of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is significant, constituting up to 20% of all TB cases in HIV-negative patients and 50% of new cases in HIV-positive individuals. However, diagnosing EPTB remains challenging due to its pauci-bacillary nature and the necessity for invasive sampling methods in many forms of the disease. Urogenital tuberculosis represents approximately 4% of the annual cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in India, with isolated testicular tuberculosis being a particularly rare manifestation. In this report, we present three cases of testicular tuberculosis, diagnosed through tissue biopsy and Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smears.