# Stool Sampling as a Non-invasive Method to Confirm Miliary Tuberculosis in a Patient With a History of HIV Infection

## TL;DR

A patient with HIV and TB was diagnosed using stool samples when sputum testing was not possible, showing a non-invasive diagnostic method.

## Contribution

Demonstrates the effectiveness of stool sampling as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for TB in patients unable to provide sputum.

## Key findings

- Stool AFB smear confirmed miliary TB in a patient with HIV.
- Stool sampling is a viable alternative when sputum collection is not feasible.
- Collaborative healthcare approaches are crucial for managing complex TB cases.

## Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health challenge despite medical advancements. We present here a case of a 44-year-old male with a history of HIV infection and inconsistent treatment adherence. The patient exhibited weight loss and miliary lesions on a computed tomography (CT) scan, prompting suspicion of pulmonary TB. Due to his inability to expectorate sputum, stool samples were used for the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. His miliary TB diagnosis was confirmed through lung CT imaging and positive AFB smears from stool samples. This case underscores the utility of stool samples in diagnosing TB when sputum production is compromised, offering a minimally invasive diagnostic approach. It also underscores the importance of collaborative healthcare approaches in managing complex cases, ensuring comprehensive care tailored to individual patient needs.