# Commercial suture passer improves efficiency and ease of use versus conventional needle in minimally invasive thoracolumbar fascia closure: a cadaveric analysis

## TL;DR

A new suture passer device significantly reduces the time and difficulty of closing the thoracolumbar fascia during minimally invasive spine surgery compared to traditional needles.

## Contribution

The study introduces a commercial suture passer and demonstrates its superior efficiency and ease of use in a cadaveric model for thoracolumbar fascia closure.

## Key findings

- The Spine Scorpion™ reduced fascial closure time by 5.80 minutes with the 60×18-mm retractor and 5.28 minutes with the 100×18-mm retractor.
- All trials using the suture passer completed full closure within the time limit, while only 67% and 50% of trials with the curved needle did so for the two retractor sizes.
- The suture passer received significantly higher ease-of-use scores (median 4.5) compared to the curved needle (median 1.0).

## Abstract

Low-profile suture passers have been introduced to facilitate thoracolumbar fascia closure in minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the closure time of a modern suture passer to a conventional curved need for MIS fascia closure in a cadaveric model.

Six clinicians specializing in orthopedic spine surgery were recruited for the study and randomly assigned 1 cadaveric torso. Subcutaneous tissue was resected at L4-L5, replicating MIS surgery, followed by placement of a 60×18-mm or 100×18-mm tubular retractor for access. Clinicians were required to close the fascia with three unknotted, simple interrupted sutures using a swaged curved needle or suture passer (Spine Scorpion™, Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL). The completion time was recorded, starting immediately before suturing and ending after the last pass. A time cutoff of 10 min was implemented in consideration of reasonable operating room time, and the number of achieved suture passes (of 6) were recorded. Clinicians were asked to qualitatively grade ease of use in relation to prior fascial closure experience per a 0-5 scale, where 0 is impossible and 5 is easiest.

The mean change in fascial closure completion time (Δ) was significantly reduced with the Spine Scorpion compared to the curved needle with the 60×18-mm retractor (Δ=5.80 min; 95% CI, 2.92-8.67 min; p=.004) and 100 × 18-mm retractor (Δ=5.28 min; 95% CI, 2.76-7.80 min; p=.003). Full closure was achieved within the time limit for all trials of the Spine Scorpion, while the standard needle achieved full closure in 67% (4 of 6) and 50% (3 of 6) of trials with the 60 × 18-mm and 100×18-mm retractors, respectively. Median ease-of-use scores with the 60×18-mm and 100×18-mm retractors, respectively, were 4.5 (range, 4-5) and 4.5 (range, 3-5) for the Spine Scorpion, and both 1.0 (range, 1-2) for the curved needle.

Results from this laboratory investigation using a suture passer for thoracolumbar fascia closure show a significant reduction in closure time and completion of the procedure compared to a conventional curved needle.