# Leishmaniasis and Tularemia Coinfection: A Case Report of Neglected Causes of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

## TL;DR

A patient with cervical lymph node swelling was found to have two rare infections, leishmaniasis and tularemia, highlighting the need for broader diagnostic consideration.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the rare coexistence of leishmaniasis and tularemia in a patient with localized lymphadenopathy.

## Key findings

- The patient presented with cervical lymphadenopathy caused by both leishmaniasis and tularemia.
- The case emphasizes the importance of including both diseases in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenitis.
- Early detection and treatment are critical to prevent the spread of these infections.

## Abstract

Leishmania and tularemia are infectious diseases that both can present with lymphadenopathy. Leishmania typically causes visceral or cutaneous forms, while tularemia can result in glandular tularemia characterized by lymphadenitis. We report a case of a patient presenting with localized cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosed with both leishmaniasis and tularemia. This case underscores the importance of considering both pathogenic agents in the differential diagnosis of localized lymphadenitis. Early treatment is crucial to prevent the dissemination of these infections.