# Singular effect of linkage on long-term genetic gain in Fisher’s infinitesimal model

## TL;DR

This paper shows that genetic linkage significantly changes long-term genetic gain predictions in a classic genetics model.

## Contribution

The study reveals that genetic linkage leads to vanishing asymptotic gain per generation in Fisher’s infinitesimal model.

## Key findings

- Genetic linkage changes the nature of long-term genetic gain in the infinitesimal model.
- Asymptotic gain per generation vanishes under strong linkage.
- Total genetic gain remains unbounded despite diminishing per-generation gains.

## Abstract

During the founding of the field of quantitative genetics, Fisher formulated in 1918 his “infinitesimal model” that provided a novel mathematical framework to describe the Mendelian transmission of quantitative traits. If the infinitely many genes in that model are assumed to segregate independently during reproduction, corresponding to having no linkage, directional selection asymptotically leads to a constant genetic gain at each generation. In reality, genes are subject to strong linkage because they lie on chromosomes and thus segregate in a correlated way. Various approximations have been used in the past to study that more realistic case of the infinitesimal model with the expectation that the asymptotic gain per generation is modestly decreased. To treat this system even in the strong linkage limit, we take the genes to lie on continuous chromosomes. Surprisingly, the consequences of genetic linkage are in fact rather singular, changing the nature of the long-term gain per generation: the asymptotic gain vanishes rather than being simply decreased. Nevertheless, the per-generation gain tends to zero sufficiently slowly for the total gain, accumulated over generations, to be unbounded.