# Gestational syphilis in a tertiary health service in Paraná, Brazil: A case-control study

## TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for gestational syphilis among pregnant women in Brazil, highlighting the importance of sociodemographic and behavioral factors.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into specific risk factors for gestational syphilis in a Brazilian population.

## Key findings

- Race/skin color other than white was a significant risk factor for gestational syphilis.
- Having multiple sexual partners and a history of sexually transmitted infections increased the risk of gestational syphilis.
- Smoking, both current and former, was associated with a higher likelihood of gestational syphilis.

## Abstract

Approximately 10–12 million new syphilis infections occur annually worldwide, including in pregnant women. This study identified the factors associated with syphilis in pregnant women admitted to a tertiary maternity ward in the State of Paraná, Brazil. This is an ambispective, paired case-control study (1:2 ratio) conducted from September 2020 to October 2021. Pregnant patients (n = 93) admitted to the maternity ward, who were tested with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and rapid reagent test, were compared with 186 controls, matched by age and period of hospital admission. Sociodemographic, behavioral, prenatal, and maternity healthcare information was collected through interviews. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results showed that race/skin color other than white (OR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.19–3.80; p < 0.001), having more than one sexual partner (OR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.70–8.00; p = 0.001), being a former smoker (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.07–4.01; p = 0.030) and a current smoker (OR: 4.31; 95%CI: 1.55–11.98; p = 0.005), as well as having a history of sexually transmitted infections (OR: 10.87; 95%CI: 4.04–29.27; p < 0.0.01) were risk factors for gestational syphilis. In summary, the study indicated that sociodemographic, behavioral, and healthcare-related variables were associated with gestational syphilis. Therefore, practitioners could benefit from incorporating these factors to deliver evidence-based treatment for gestational syphilis.