# Epidemiology, molecular prevalence and prevention on canine parvovirus in India: A review

## TL;DR

This review summarizes the spread and genetic changes of canine parvovirus in India from 2010 to 2023, highlighting the need for better prevention strategies.

## Contribution

The study provides updated insights into CPV-2a's prevalence and genetic diversity in India using data from the NCBI database.

## Key findings

- CPV-2a was the most prevalent variant with a seroprevalence of 45%.
- Significant differences in seroprevalence were observed among CPV variants.
- Genetic diversity in the VP2 gene was analyzed to understand CPV epidemiology.

## Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and lethal virus that causes severe gastroenteritis and myocarditis in young dogs. In
1978, CPV has rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in outbreaks and high morbidity rates among dog populations. Over a decade, CPV has
undergone genetic changes, leading to the emergence of different genotypes (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), which have expanded its host
range to include cats and tissue culture cells. This review focuses on CPV-2 outbreaks in India from 2010 to 2023, analyzing gene
lengths covering 274-438 amino acids in the VP2 gene which are collected from the NCBI database to investigate CPV epidemiology and
diversity. The study highlighted substantial differences in seroprevalence over the period for CPV-2 (7%), CPV-2a (45%), CPV-2b (12%),
and CPV-2c (36%). Our study found significant seroprevalence differences among CPV variants, with CPV-2a being the most prevalent,
underscoring the need for effective diagnostic and preventive strategies.