# Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism Through Lateral Cephalogram in Children Aged 10-12 Years

## TL;DR

This study uses head X-rays to assess sex differences in children aged 10-12 from Chengalpattu, finding that certain measurements can reliably predict gender.

## Contribution

The study evaluates sexual dimorphism in children using lateral cephalograms and identifies ramus length as a reliable predictor of sex.

## Key findings

- Seven cephalometric variables showed significant sex differences.
- Ramus length predicted sex with 81% reliability, the highest among measured variables.
- Combining multiple variables improved sex determination accuracy.

## Abstract

Introduction: Forensic dentistry integrates interdisciplinary scientific knowledge to produce accurate and reliable forensic statements. Anthropometry, essential since its introduction by Alphonse Bertillon in 1882, describes human body shapes and has significant forensic applications. This study focuses on sexual dimorphism, phenotypic differences between males and females, using lateral cephalometric measurements to determine sex in children aged 10-12 years from the Chengalpattu population.

Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study included 80 participants (40 boys and 40 girls). Lateral cephalograms were analyzed using Ceph Ninja Pro software to obtain 15 cephalometric measurements. Statistical analysis using SPSS Software (Version 22.0) involved t-tests to identify significant differences (P<0.05). Discriminant function analysis assessed the predictive power of these variables.

Results: Seven variables showed significant differences between sexes. Discriminant models based on these variables determined sex with varying reliability. Ramus length was the most reliable predictor (81%), while maxillary length had the lowest reliability (62%).

Discussion: The study’s findings align with existing literature, indicating the robustness of ramus length for sex determination. However, the low reliability of maxillary length contrasts with studies that found it useful for sex differentiation, suggesting variability across populations and age groups. Combining multiple cephalometric variables improved accuracy, consistent with previous research.

Conclusion: Lateral cephalograms are effective for assessing sexual dimorphism in children. The study supports the forensic and clinical utility of cephalometric measurements and calls for further research with diverse populations and advanced imaging techniques to enhance method reliability and applicability.