# Coexistence of critical phenomena: the concept of manifold multi-spectral criticality

## TL;DR

The paper introduces a new model where multiple critical phenomena coexist, revealing a richer complexity in non-equilibrium systems.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel concept of manifold multi-spectral criticality with coexisting critical points in non-equilibrium systems.

## Key findings

- A one-dimensional critical manifold is formed by multiple coexisting critical points.
- Each critical point has a multi-spectrum of critical exponents in non-equilibrium macrostates.
- Quasi-stationary macrostates exhibit time-independent and time-dependent characteristics simultaneously.

## Abstract

Prompted by the ubiquity of empirical observations of critical phenomena, often in non-equilibrium macrostates, we developed a modelling approach in which several critical phenomena coexist. Instead of a single critical point, many coexisting critical points in the system are identified, forming a one-dimensional critical manifold. Identified within our game-of-life-like heterogeneous agent-based simulation model, where agents can be created and annihilated in the presence of a catalyst, each critical point belonging to the critical manifold is associated with a multi-spectrum of critical exponents. We find this situation in non-equilibrium mixed percolation-like macrostates obeying continuous phase transitions. These macrostates are quasi-stationary, where some system characteristics are time-independent while others are not. This novel look at universality signals the existance of complexity of critical phenomena richer than described to date.