# Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Study of 91 Cases

## TL;DR

This study found that many diabetic patients have anti-thyroid antibodies, suggesting a link between diabetes and autoimmune thyroid issues.

## Contribution

The study provides new seroprevalence data on anti-thyroid antibodies in diabetic patients in Morocco.

## Key findings

- 42.1% of type 1 diabetes patients had both anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies.
- 15.2% of type 2 diabetes patients had only anti-TPO antibodies.
- Autoimmune thyroiditis was more common in females across both diabetes types.

## Abstract

Background

Detection and quantification of anti-thyroid antibodies make it possible to confirm the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction as well as its autoimmune origin and monitor thyroid damage in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in hospitalized diabetic patients.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study focused on 91 diabetic patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, between January 1 and December 31, 2022. The study population was divided into two groups: 19 patients with type 1 diabetes (13 females and six males, with an age range of 20-70 years) and 72 patients with type 2 diabetes (52 females and 20 males, with an age range of 40-71 years). Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb-HPLC) analyzer from blood samples collected in EDTA tubes, and anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and/or anti-TG) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) in human serum using the ALINITY analyzer.

Results

Among type 1 diabetic patients, 42.1% (n = 8) were positive for anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies, while 31.5% (n = 6) were positive only for anti-TPO antibodies. Among type 2 diabetic patients, 15.2% (n = 11) were positive only for anti-TPO antibodies, while 20.8% (n = 15) were positive for anti-TPO and/or anti-TG antibodies. The prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies was higher in females, consistent with other studies. This could be linked to the involvement of autoimmune processes in the development of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetics.

Conclusions

Testing for anti-thyroid antibodies in diabetic patients and their relatives helps detect subclinical conditions, which could later manifest as biological and clinical deficiencies, guiding monitoring parameters.