# Mortality Rate of COVID-19 With Comorbid Pneumonia in a Rural Area

## TL;DR

This study found that pneumonia combined with COVID-19 increases mortality rates in rural hospitals compared to either condition alone.

## Contribution

The study empirically demonstrates that pneumonia significantly increases mortality in rural patients with COVID-19.

## Key findings

- Patients with both pneumonia and COVID-19 had the highest mortality rates.
- Pneumonia alone had higher mortality than COVID-19 alone.
- Mortality was lowest in patients with COVID-19 but no pneumonia.

## Abstract

Background: A myriad of risk factors and comorbidities have been determined to influence COVID-19 mortality rates; among these is pneumonia. This study considers pneumonia as a risk factor for increased mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 in a rural healthcare system. We predicted that the presence of pneumonia of any kind would increase mortality rates in patients admitted with COVID-19.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data collected from hospitals in the Freeman Health System (FHS) located in Joplin and Neosho, Missouri. Data were collected between April 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, the investigators identified five distinct patient populations: patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P1); patients with COVID-19 but without pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P2); patients with COVID-19 and any type of pneumonia (P3); patients with COVID-19 but without any type of pneumonia (P4); and patients without COVID-19 and with any type of pneumonia (P5). In order to understand how pneumonia influences COVID-19 outcomes, the investigators used Wald’s method and a two-sample proportion summary hypothesis test to determine the confidence interval and to compare the mortality rates between these populations, respectively.

Results: The population of patients with COVID-19 and any type of pneumonia (P3) and the population of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia due to COVID-19 (P1) showed the highest mortality rates. The population of patients with COVID-19 but without any type of pneumonia (P4) had the lowest mortality rate. The data revealed that having pneumonia combined with COVID-19 in any patient population led to a higher mortality rate than COVID-19 alone.

Conclusion: Mortality rates were higher among COVID-19 patients with pneumonia compared to COVID-19 patients without pneumonia. Additionally, pneumonia, by itself, was found to have a higher mortality rate compared to COVID-19 alone.