# Social networks, social determinants, and mortality: Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer study

## TL;DR

This study found that lower household income is linked to higher mortality in both breast cancer patients and healthy women, while social factors like friendships and household size are not.

## Contribution

The study uniquely compares social determinants of mortality in both breast cancer patients and healthy women using a population-based design.

## Key findings

- Lower household income was associated with higher all-cause mortality in both breast cancer patients and healthy women.
- Social factors like number of friends, frequency of seeing friends, marital status, and household size were not linked to mortality.
- The association between income and mortality was similar in both breast cancer patients and healthy women.

## Abstract

There are few studies of social support and other social determinants of health after breast cancer diagnosis and their associations with mortality; results have been inconclusive. Further, it is not known if observed associations are specific to women with breast cancer diagnosis or if associations would be similar among healthy women.

Women with incident, pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer, stage I-IV (n = 1012), and healthy frequency age-matched participants (n = 2036) answered a social support questionnaire in prospective follow-up of a population-based case-control study, the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer Study. At interview, all participants were aged 35-79 years and resident of 2 counties in Western New York State. Mortality status was ascertained from the National Death Index. Participants were queried regarding the number of their close friends, frequency of seeing them, household size, household income, and marital status. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer–specific mortality (breast cancer women only) and all-cause mortality were estimated.

Lower household income was associated with higher all-cause mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer (HR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.24 to 4.97) and similarly among the healthy women (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.25 to 5.53). Number and frequency of seeing friends, marital status, and household size were not associated with mortality, either among breast cancer patients or among healthy women.

Among those diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy women, lower income was associated with more than twice the mortality. Marital status, household size, and number or frequency of meeting friends were not associated with survival.