# SOLAMEN syndrome with cardiovascular damage

## TL;DR

This paper describes a rare genetic syndrome called SOLAMEN, highlights its complex symptoms, and emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring for cardiovascular issues.

## Contribution

The paper presents a new case of SOLAMEN syndrome with cardiovascular damage and identifies a PDGFRB variant alongside a PTEN mutation.

## Key findings

- A child with SOLAMEN syndrome was found to have a germline PTEN mutation and a PDGFRB variant.
- Echocardiographic examination revealed potential cardiac defects in the patient.
- The paper recommends regular monitoring and intervention for AVM and cardiac damage in SOLAMEN syndrome.

## Abstract

SOLAMEN syndrome is a rare, recently recognized congenital syndrome that is characterized by progressive and hypertrophic diseases involving multiple systems, including segmental overgrowth, lipomatosis, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and epidermal nevus. According to literatures, SOLAMEN syndrome is caused by heterozygous PTEN mutation. Phenotypic overlap complicates the clinical identification of diseases associated with PTEN heterozygous mutations, making the diagnosis of SOLAMEN more challenging. In addition, SOLAMEN often presents with segmental tissue overgrowth and vascular malformations, increasing the possibility of misdiagnosis as klipple-trenaunay syndrome or Parks-Weber syndrome. Here, we present a case of a child presenting with macrocephaly, patchy lymphatic malformation on the right chest, marked subcutaneous varicosities and capillaries involving the whole body, overgrowth of the left lower limb, a liner epidermal nevus on the middle of the right lower limb, and a large AVM on the right cranial thoracic entrance. Based on the typical phenotypes, the child was diagnosed as SOLAMEN syndrome. detailed clinical, imaging and genetic diagnoses of SOLAMEN syndrome was rendered. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data revealed that except for a germline PTEN mutation, a PDGFRB variant was also identified. A subsequent echocardiographic examination detected potential cardiac defects. We suggested that given the progressive nature of AVM and the potential severity of cardiac damage, regular echocardiographic evaluation, imaging follow-up and appropriate interventional therapy for AVM are recommended.