# Marginal effects of economical development and university education on China’s regular exercise population

## TL;DR

This study explores how economic development and university education influence regular exercise participation in China, highlighting the importance of education for public health and modernization.

## Contribution

The paper identifies the asymmetric effect of university education on exercise participation and suggests it as a policy priority for China’s development.

## Key findings

- University education has a stronger marginal effect (0.173) on regular exercise participation than regional GDP (0.048).
- Geographical patterns in exercise participation align with the classic Hu Line, indicating regional disparities.
- Expanding university education is proposed as a strategic policy to enhance mass sports participation and public health.

## Abstract

Although the regular exercise population is a key metric for gaging the success of China’s fitness-for-all activities, effective policy approaches to increase mass sports participation remain unclear. Previous research suggests that GDP, educational attainment, sports resources, and meteorological conditions could influence regular exercise participation. Therefore, this study first analyzed the macro-level correlates influencing China’s regular exercise population.

We utilize ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographical weighted regression (GWR) to theorize the relationship. The analysis encompasses data from the 31 administrative regions of Mainland China, as reported at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The log–log model enables us to quantify the marginal effect (elasticity) of the explanatory variables.

The OLS regression showed that regional GDP and the proportion of the population with a university education were significant predictors. In the global model, the marginal effects of regional GDP and university education were 0.048 and 0.173, respectively. Furthermore, the GWR revealed a distinct geographic pattern that corresponds to the classic Hu Line.

While regional GDP was also a significant correlate in our model, the elasticity demonstrates that university education had an asymmetric effect on China’s regular exercise population. Therefore, this paper sheds light on a policy priority for the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, emphasizing the strategic importance of expanding university education to enhance mass sports participation. In turn, a better-educated populace may yield significant secondary effects on public health and contribute to the high-quality development of the Chinese path to modernization.