# Involved-field radiotherapy in older patients with superficial thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns

## TL;DR

This study shows that involved-field radiotherapy is effective and safe for older patients with early-stage esophageal cancer, offering good long-term survival and low side effects.

## Contribution

The study provides long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of IFRT in older patients with superficial ESCC.

## Key findings

- The 5-year overall survival rate was 71.7% with IFRT in older patients.
- Most recurrences were in-field (13 cases) rather than out-of-field (7 cases).
- IFRT showed a high complete response rate of 90.7% and mild adverse events.

## Abstract

An optimal radiotherapy field for superficial esophageal carcinoma is yet to be established. We evaluated the long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in older patients with superficial thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Fifty-four patients (49 men and 5 women; mean age, 77 [range: 66–90] years) who underwent IFRT for superficial thoracic ESCC between January 2003 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered at the discretion of the attending physician. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival and complete response rate.

The tumors were localized in the upper, middle, and lower thoracic esophagus in 2, 40, and 12 patients, respectively. All patients underwent IFRT using anteroposterior and anterior–posterior oblique opposed beams (off-cord). The prescribed total doses were 50.4, 59.4–61.2, and 66–70 Gy for 6, 40, and 8 patients, respectively. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 33 patients. The median follow-up duration was 57 months. The median overall survival was 115 months. The 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 71.7% and 60.1%, respectively. Forty-nine patients had a complete response at one month after IFRT (complete response rate: 90.7%). Twenty patients had recurrence; there were 13 in-field and 7 out-of-field recurrence cases. The radiation-related adverse events were generally mild. Grade 3 late toxicity was observed in one patient.

The efficacy of IFRT was suggested to be comparable to that of standard treatments. Therefore, IFRT can be a promising approach for treating superficial ESCC in older adults, especially those with severe comorbidities.