# Design of a stand-alone hybrid dispersed generation network unified by passivity-based control

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a hybrid DC/AC power system model for remote areas using passivity-based control to stabilize voltage.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a unified hybrid dispersed generation network using port-controlled Hamiltonian modeling and passivity-based control.

## Key findings

- The hybrid DC/AC network is suitable for remote areas with stand-alone DC grids.
- Nonlinear passivity-based control stabilizes both AC and DC voltages effectively.
- Port-controlled Hamiltonian modeling accurately represents the system's steady-state behavior.

## Abstract

In this article, we propose a model for a stand-alone hybrid distributed generation system. In this model, the input sources are distributed DC sources like solar panels or batteries. The idea behind this network framework is to introduce a hybrid DC/AC network, feasible for small and remotely located areas with stand-alone DC grids, in the vicinity of larger towns requiring a functional AC connection. The behaviour of the system in the steady state is analysed, and the network is mathematically represented with port-controlled Hamiltonian modelling. Stabilization to the desired voltage, both AC as well as DC, is attained with nonlinear passivity-based control taking into consideration not only the energy characteristics but also the inherent physical structure.