# Psychometric properties for Persian version Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24) in Iranian cancer patients

## TL;DR

This study adapts and validates the Demoralization Scale-24 for Persian-speaking cancer patients in Iran, ensuring it is a reliable tool for identifying demoralization.

## Contribution

The study provides a culturally adapted and psychometrically validated version of the DS-24 for Persian-speaking cancer patients.

## Key findings

- The DS-24 showed a five-factor structure consistent with the original version.
- High internal consistency was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of .92.
- Significant correlations were found with depression and happiness scales, supporting convergent validity.

## Abstract

This study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24), within the context of Iranian society.

In this cross‐sectional study, we employed the DS‐24 as the principal instrument, which had been exactly translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties in 160 Persian cancer patients. The assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as evaluations of convergent validity and internal consistency or reliability.

The CFA unveiled a five‐factor model, consistent with the original structure of the DS‐24. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between the DS‐24 and both the Beck Depression and MUNSH happiness scales. Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency, with a value of .92 for the total score.

In Iran, like in other countries, the demoralization questionnaire demonstrates significant validity and reliability. This ensures the timely diagnosis of demoralization in cancer patients and the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions.