# Complex Congenital Anomalies: A Case Report of Left Pulmonary Hypoplasia, Absent Left Pulmonary Artery, and Congenital Heart Disease in an 11-Month-Old Male Child

## TL;DR

An 11-month-old boy with rare lung and heart defects declined surgery, highlighting the complexity of managing such conditions and the need for multidisciplinary care.

## Contribution

This case report adds to the understanding of managing pulmonary hypoplasia with congenital heart disease and emphasizes the role of parental decisions in treatment.

## Key findings

- The child had left pulmonary hypoplasia and absent left pulmonary artery.
- A ventricular septal defect was diagnosed but surgery was declined by the parents.
- The case underscores the importance of multidisciplinary care in complex congenital anomalies.

## Abstract

A rare disorder called pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by inadequate lung development, which frequently results in respiratory dysfunction and other related abnormalities. We present a case of an 11-month-old male child with left lung hypoplasia, absent left pulmonary artery, and ventricular septal defect (VSD). The child exhibited symptoms of cough and cold, with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections since birth. Cardiovascular examination revealed a pan systolic murmur consistent with VSD, while respiratory examination indicated decreased air entry on the left side. Imaging studies confirmed the absence of the left pulmonary artery and left lung hypoplasia. Despite recommendations for VSD surgery, the child's parents declined surgical intervention, leading to discharge against medical advice. This case highlights the challenges in managing pulmonary hypoplasia, especially when accompanied by complex congenital heart defects, and underscores the importance of multidisciplinary care and parental involvement in decision-making.