# Pneumocystis Pneumonia Presenting With Peripheral Predominant Consolidation and Traction Bronchiectasis

## TL;DR

A rare case of Pneumocystis pneumonia presented with unusual lung imaging features, successfully treated with antibiotics.

## Contribution

Reports a novel case of PCP with peripheral consolidation and traction bronchiectasis, not previously documented.

## Key findings

- PCP presented with peripheral consolidation and traction bronchiectasis in lower lobes on HRCT.
- Diagnosis was confirmed via bronchoalveolar lavage and HIV testing.
- Symptoms resolved after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

## Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) typically presents as a predominant ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the upper lobes. We report a case of a patient with PCP that mimicked organizing pneumonia or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, showing peripheral predominant consolidation with traction bronchiectasis and peribronchovascular thickening in the lower lobes on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and no other pathogens were isolated. After confirmation of a high plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA titer and a low CD4+ cell count, the patient was diagnosed with PCP associated with HIV infection. The peripheral predominant consolidation was successfully resolved after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, no previous case of PCP presenting with peripheral predominant consolidation, traction bronchiectasis, or peribronchovascular thickening has been reported. Physicians should consider PCP as a differential diagnosis even in cases suspected as organizing pneumonia or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia on HRCT.