# Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance among Prison Populations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2022

## TL;DR

This study explores how SARS-CoV-2 spreads in prisons in Brazil, highlighting the importance of surveillance and control measures in confined environments.

## Contribution

The study provides genomic and epidemiological insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Brazilian prisons and evaluates the role of vaccination in controlling outbreaks.

## Key findings

- 66 SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified among 1927 participants, mostly asymptomatic and aged 21–29.
- Next-generation sequencing identified Omicron subtypes BA.2 and BA.5 with high genome coverage.
- The study emphasizes the need for enhanced control strategies, including genomic surveillance and vaccination, in prison settings.

## Abstract

This study examines the epidemiological and genomic characteristics, along with the transmission dynamics, of SARS-CoV-2 within prison units I and II in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conducted between May and October 2022, it reveals how the virus spreads in the confined settings of prisons, emphasizing the roles of overcrowded cells, frequent transfers, and limited healthcare access. The research involved 1927 participants (83.93% of the total prison population) and utilized nasopharyngeal swabs and RT-qPCR testing for detection. Contact tracing monitored exposure within cells. Out of 2108 samples, 66 positive cases were identified (3.13%), mostly asymptomatic (77.27%), with the majority aged 21–29 and varying vaccination statuses. Next-generation sequencing generated 28 whole genome sequences, identifying the Omicron variant (subtypes BA.2 and BA.5) with 99% average coverage. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the relationship between immunization levels and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases within this enclosed population. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive control strategies in prisons, including rigorous screening, isolation protocols, vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, and genomic surveillance to mitigate disease transmission and protect both the incarcerated population and the broader community.