# One Stone, Three Birds: Feasible Tuning of Barrier Heights Induced by Hybridized Interface in Free-Standing PEDOT@Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Films

## TL;DR

A flexible thermoelectric film combining PEDOT and Bi2Te3 improves energy conversion efficiency and flexibility for wearable devices.

## Contribution

A novel hybrid interface design in PEDOT@Bi2Te3 films enhances thermoelectric performance and flexibility.

## Key findings

- The composite film achieves a conductivity of 684 S/cm and a ZT value of 0.1.
- The film maintains performance after 1500 bending cycles with only 14% conductivity loss.
- Defect energy levels and interfacial scattering reduce thermal conductivity and increase the Seebeck coefficient.

## Abstract

Converting low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy is crucial for the development of modern smart wearable energy technologies. The free-standing films of PEDOT@Bi2Te3 prepared by tape-casting hold promise for flexible thermoelectric technology in self-powered sensing applications. Bi2Te3 nanosheets fabricated by the solvothermal method are tightly connected with flat-arranged PEODT molecules, forming an S-Bi bonded interface in the composite materials, and the bandgap is reduced to 1.63 eV. Compared with the PEDOT film, the mobility and carrier concentration of the composite are significantly increased at room temperature, and the conductivity reaches 684 S/cm. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration decreased sharply at 360 K indicating the creation of defect energy levels during the interfacial reaction of the composites, which increased the Seebeck coefficient. The power factor was improved by 68.9% compared to PEDOT. In addition, the introduction of Bi2Te3 nanosheets generated defects and multidimensional interfaces in the composite film, which resulted in weak phonon scattering in the conducting polymer with interfacial scattering. The thermal conductivity of the film is decreased and the ZT value reaches 0.1. The composite film undergoes 1500 bending cycles with a 14% decrease in conductivity and has good flexibility. This self-supporting flexible thermoelectric composite film has provided a research basis for low-grade thermal energy applications.