# Computer-Based Experiment for the Motion of Spring Oscillator on a Linear Air Track Using Ultrasonic Sensor

## TL;DR

This paper describes a low-cost setup using an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino to study spring oscillator motion and verify energy conservation.

## Contribution

An affordable, automated experimental setup for visualizing spring oscillator motion and verifying energy conservation.

## Key findings

- Vibration periods from measurements and curve fitting were 1.130 s and 1.165 s, aligning with theory.
- Maximum kinetic and potential energies were nearly equal (0.0792 J and 0.0795 J), confirming energy conservation.
- Total energy at half amplitude was 0.0791 J, supporting conservation in short time frames.

## Abstract

In the present paper, an affordable innovative physical experimental equipment consisting of an upper computer, an ultrasonic sensor module, and an Arduino microcontroller has been designed. The relationship between the position of the slider fixed on two springs and time is measured by using the ultrasonic sensor module. A system for slider motion data and image acquisition is constructed by using the LabVIEW interface of Arduino UNO R3. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate and interpret the propagation of waves represented by harmonic motion. The spring oscillator system including a slider and two springs is measured and recorded, and the motion can be realized using curve fitting to the wave equation in Sigmaplot. The vibration periods obtained from experimental measurements and curve fitting of the wave equation are 1.130 s and 1.165 s, respectively. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical model. The experimental measurement results show that the maximum kinetic energy is 0.0792 J, the maximum potential energy is 0.0795 J, and the total energy at the position of half the amplitude is 0.0791 J. The results verify the mechanical energy conservation of spring oscillator system in a short time. This self-made instrument has improved the visualization and the automation level of the corresponding experiments.